A '''Population's Republic of Bangladesh' (Bangla: গণপà§?রজাতনà§?তà§?রী বাংলাদেশ, Gôno ProjÄ?tontrÄ« BÄ?ņlÄ?desh) is a united states within South Asia that forms the eastern a share of the ancient region of Bengal. Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) literally means "The Country of Bengal". Prevarication in the north of the Bay of Bengal, on land it borders India and Myanmar, and these are the close neighbor to China, Nepal and Bhutan.
|- style="text-align: center; background: #fff;" | colspan="2" | image:LocationBangladesh.png |- | Official language || Bangla |- | Capital || Dhaka |- | President | Iajuddin Ahmed |- | Prime Minister | Begum Khaleda Zia |- | Area
- Total
- % water | Ranked 91st
144,000 km²
7.0% |- | Population
- Total (July 2004 est.)
- Density | Ranked 7th
141,340,476
1,055/km² |- | Independence
| from either Pakistan
March 26 1971 |- | Victory Day
|| December 16, 1971 |- | Currency || Taka (BDT) |- | Unemployment Rate || 3.6% |- | Time zone | UTC +6 |- | National anthem || Amar Sonar Bangla |- | National fruit || Jackfruit |- | National flower || A river lily|Shapla (Water lily) |- | National fish || Hilsa |- | National animal || Bengal Tiger |- | National bird || Doel (Oriental Magpie-Robin) |- | Internet TLD || .bd |- | Calling Code | 880 |} History

There has yearn been advanced civilization in what is now Bangladesh, another time the eastern a share of a greater area known as Bengal. There exists recent grounds to believe of civilizations dating back to 500 BC, and there are potentially claims of social structures from either around 1000 BC. One of the earliest historical information to exist as witnessed up to now is the mention of a land known as Gangaridai per Greeks around 100BC. A word is speculated to use are from either Gangahrd'' (L& using a Ganges withwithin its heart) and believed to exist as on to an metropolitan area in Bangladesh.

Still, further concrete proof of the political unit inside Bengal starts with Shashanka in 7th century A.D. This was followed by (though non immediately) a Pala dynasty and the Sena dynasty. A Pala dynasty was Buddhist while both Shashanka & a Senas were Hindus.

Bengal became Islamic starting in the 13th century & developed into a flush centre of trade and industry under a Mughal Empire during the 16th century. European traders experienced arrived in the late 15th century and eventually a British East India Company controlled the region per late 18th century, from which a British extended their rule over all of India. After Indian independence was achieved in 1947, political motivations caused it to become divided into a Islamic state of Pakistan and a laic India.

A Partition of India saw Bengal divided between the two newly countries: the Muslim-dominated eastern section known as East Bengal corresponding to what is now Bangladesh, & a american section, the Indian state of West Bengal. A abolishment of the Zamindari system (which divided the society into lords, owners of property, & common person, users of property) around East Bengal (1950) was a major landmark inside Bangladesh's movement to the "people's state". A Language Movement of 1952 established a rights of the Bengali community to speak in their have language, an event commomorated currently when the International Mother Language Day. Around 1955, a government of Pakistan changed the title of the province from either East Bengal to East Pakistan.

East Pakistan was dominated and neglected by West Pakistan, which comprised a rest of Pakistan (West Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and a Northwest Frontier Province). Despite a fact that East Pakistan earned the big part of national income, especially through the exportation of Jute, most of the development was neutralize West Pakistan. A Pakistan Army was also mostly dominated by officers from either West Pakistan. A tensions peaked around 1971, following an open, non-democratic denial by Pakistani president Yahya Khan, a military ruler, of election effects that gave a Awami League an overwhelming majority in the parliament (167 out of 169 seats allocated for East Pakistan) [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/G_0075.HTM].

Under a leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, also referred to as Bôngobondhu (Friend of Bengal), Bangladesh began its struggle for independence. A official onset followed one of a all-fired genocides of recent times carried out per Pakistan army in Bengali civilians in 25 March 1971. Virtually a entire Bengali intelligentsia was eliminated. Owing to West Pakistan's effort to rid a united states of foreign journalists, exact prices come hard for, however a few estimates claim 50,000 deaths in the number one 3 years of the and then-alleged Operation Searchlight of the Pakistan Army [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/G_0075.HTM]. Other than ten million Bengalis fled to neighboring India, which backed a liberation war, by having trend lines from either a Soviet Union.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested by the Pakistani Government. Prior to his arrest, Rahman mass produced the formal & official declaratiin of Independence on 26 March. Hence 26 March is considered the Independence Day of Bangladesh. In 27 March Ziaur Rahman, an army major then, & President of Bangladesh much later, manufactured the announcement of the declaratiin of Independence of Bangladesh on behalf of Sheikh Mujib, applying a improvised radio transmitter from either Kalurghat near Chittagong city. By having facilitate of Bengali officers in the army, trend lines of civilians & military/humanitarian help from either Indithe, Bangladesh quickly formed a ground forces also as a guerrilla force called Mukti Bahini (Freedom Fighters). Besides attacks on a Pakistani army, the Mukti Bahini provided local intelligence and guidance of huge value to the allied click of Bangladesh Army and Indian Army which attacked the occupying West Pakistani army of 80,000 within early December 1971.of the new united states. India withdrew its troops from either Bangladesh in tierce months of the war.

Fallowing a war, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman became a Prime Minister & late the President of Bangladesh. He along sustaining virtually all of his personal were massacred by the class actiin of dissatisfied Army officers on 15 August 1975. As the consequence his demise, (Major General) Khaled Mosharraf led a military coup on 3 November 1975. Khaled Mosharraf was flushed within the counter coup in 7 November 1975 in the Dhaka cantonment culminating generally Ziaur Rahman gaining power and late gained a Presidency. However within 1981, he was killed witharound however a second coup, in Chittagong. Around 1982 General Hossain Mohammad Ershad staged the bloodless coup & deposed a president Abdus Sattar, a previous Supreme Court Justice. He installed a second supreme court justice Ahsan Uddwithin Chowdhury when President when keeping all the power sustaining him in capacity of Chief Martial Law Administrator. Ershad late declared himself President & began the recently political person known when Janadal, which he late renamed as Jatiya Party. A rule of Ershad continued until 1990. The popular revolt forced Ershad to resign & give way to the parliamentary democracy. Since so, Bangladesh has been ruled by trey democratically elective governments.

Politics

A President, while head of state, holds a largely ceremonial post, by using very power held per Prime Minister, who is head of government. the president is elected per law-makers each 5 years & his unremarkably limited powers come substantially expanded in a period of the tenure of a caretaker government, mainly within controlling the transition to a newly government.

a prime minister is appointed per president & must become a member of parliament (MP) world health organization a president feels commands the confidence of the majority of more MPs. A cabinet is composed of ministers selected per prime minister & appointed by the president.

A unicameral Bangladeshi parliament is the House of the United states or even Jatiya Sangsad, whose 300 members come elected by popular vote from either lone territorial constituencies for 5-month terms of professional. A greatest judiciary body is the Supreme Court, of which the chief justices & more judges come appointed per president.

Khaleda Zia is currently a Prime Minister of Bangladesh.

A politics of Bangladesh is dominated by ii major parties, Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Awami League. More major political parties include Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh and Jatiya Party.

Subdivisions
Bangladesh is subdivided into half a dozen administrative divisions, altogether known as when their several divisional headquarters:

Barisal বরিশাল Chittagong চট�টগ�রাম Dhaka ঢাকা Khulna খ�লনা Rajshahi রাজশাহী Sylhet সিলেট

A next level of administrative unit occurs as territory or even Zila (জিলা) (inside Bangla). There are 64 territorial dominion inside Bangladesh. For other trading tools, look at Districts of Bangladesh.

Apiece territory is farther subdivided into Thana or even even Station house (erstwhile known as upa-zila or sub-districts). Every police headquarters, except for victims within metropolitan areas, is divided into many unions. A unions consist of numerous villages. In a metropolitan areas, the unit occurs as ward, which consists of many mahalla or even areas.

Look at List of cities in Bangladesh.

Geography

Bangladesh consists mostly of the sale-lying river delta located on the Indian subcontinent with a largely marshy jungle coastline on the Bay of Bengal known as the Sundarbans, home to the (Royal) Bengal Tiger and one of the big rhizophora mangle forests in the globe. Bangladesh is placed in A geographic area known as The Ganges Delta (also referred to as a Ganges-Brahmaputra Flow of any stream Delta). This delta is the largest in the globe. Getting densely vegetated lands, Bangladesh is typically known as a Green Delta. A densely populated delta is formed per confluence of the Ganges (local name Padma or even PôddÄ?), Brahmaputra (JomunÄ?), and Meghna rivers and their confluent when it flow down from either a Himalaya, creating the big riverine delta in the globe. Bangladesh's alluvial soil is extremely fertile however vulnerable to two flood & drought. Hills rise above a plain simply in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (highest point: a Keokradong at 1230 m) in a far southeast and the Sylhet division in the northeast.

Straddling a Tropic of Cancer, the Bangladeshi climate is tropical with a modest wintertime from either October to March, a hot, humid summertime from either March to June, and the humid, warmly showery monsoon from June to October. Natural tragedy, like floods, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and tidal bores affect a united states nigh each year, conjunctive sustaining the results of deforestation, soil degradation and erosion. Dhaka is the country's capital & big city. More major cities include Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna. Cox's Bazar, South of the city of Chittagong, has a sea beach that stretches uninterrupted over 120 km; it is frequently quoted as the World's longest natural sea beach (although this claim is difficult to prove or disprove).

Economy

Despite sustained farm & international efforts to improve economic & demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains an underdeveloped, overpopulated, and ill-governed united states. Although to a higher degree half of the GDP is generated through the service sector, nearly both-thirds of Bangladeshis come listed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the only first product.

Among more crops, Jute has been the major foreign exchange earnings cash crop from either Bangladesh. Near 70% of the exportation earnings of Bangladesh come from either Jute immediately after a independence. Jute is the second Natural Fiber widely cultivated in the world fallowing cotton. & Bangladesh is the major producer of Jute in the world.

Still, major part of a exportation earnings of Bangladesh comes from either the Garments Industry. inside a period of a 80s, the garments sector in Bangladesh boomed super apace. This was conceivable because of a super great prices labor, which a attracted the foreign investors to invest in the garments sector. the garments sector has developed a comprehensive network of businesses inside Bangladesh, from either yarn, lables, accessories, & fabrics, to quick processed garments. A fashion industry employs nearly 40% of the female people inside Bangladesh.

Major impediments to incubation include frequent cyclones and floods, ineffective state-owned enterprises, mismanaged larboard facilities, the apace growing labour click that has non been absorbed by agriculture, inefficient utilize of energy resources (like natural gas), insufficient power the diapers, & slow implementation of economic reforms, from either political infighting & corruption. Within [http://www.transparency.org/cpi/2001/cpi2001.html 2001], [http://www.transparency.org/pressreleases_archive/2002/2002.08.28.cpi.en.html 2002], & [http://www.transparency.org/pressreleases_archive/2003/2003.10.07.cpi.en.html 2003], Transparency International's surveys ranked Bangladesh when the World's virtually all corrupt united states.

Since June 2004 Bangladesh has been ravaged by its worst floods in half a dozen years, which keep close at h& flushed 628 humans thus far and covered just about 60% of the united states. Just about 20 milliin humans come around require of food help on account of damaged crops, & a textile industry which earns 80% of the country's exportation earnings has been disrupted. Officials estimate that a damage found can approach America$7 billion [http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20040804/ap_on_re_as/south_asia_floods_1 (Yahoo!News)].

A July 19, 2005 issue of a Up to date York Days reported that an eight story plaza (a largest witharound South Asia) has recently opened in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. A big inflow of shoppers belies a notion that a economy of Bangladesh has been stagnant, & as well reveals a incubation of the bourgeoisie in the united states. Observers credited an expansion in the cloth & garment trade for bringing a bit of prosperity to the united states.

Demographics

Apart from either super little countries like Singapore and Bahrain, Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. A united states, at 982 souls by the kilometre², has typically been in comparison Indonesia's Java.

Bangladesh is ethnically homogeneous, sustaining Bengalis comprising 98% of a humans, the rest belonging to the tribal people. A huge majority speak Bangla, or Bengali. Bengali, an Indo-Aryan language, is written in the Bengali script. These are a official language, though English is accepted inside official tasks & in (higher) education. The little total of population, mostly non-Bengali Muslims from either regions of India such as Bihar speak Urdu. a material total of non-Bengali tribal groups inhabit the Chittagong Hill Tracts in a southeast and the Northern regions Bangladesh, including area of the districts of Mymensingh, Sylhet, Lemanderin. About entirely non-Bengali Bangladeshis speak Bangla as a second language.

Virtually all Bangladeshis (all about 83%) come Muslims, but Hindus constitute a sizable (16%) minority. There are likewise the little total of Buddhists, Christians, and Animists.

Bangladesh has the high people rate of growth. In the mid-eighties, the food and drug administration began promoting birth control to slow population incubation, however by having limited profits. Still, a food and drug administration has gained considerable profits within preventing the spread of several childhood diseases, across an effectual countrywide immunization policy.

Several come landless or even forced to inhabit risky floodplains, with a symptom of rampant a lake-borne disease. Around an effort to stem a spread of pathogens like cholera and dysentery, international organizations began to promote well-drilling throughout the united states. Many years fallowing far flung implementation of the programme, concluded the quarter of the people exhibited consequences of arsenic poisoning. High levels of naturally occurring arsenic in the water table of certain regions has not been accounted for. the results of arsenic-infected a river however remain a condition.

Culture

Performing arts of Bangladesh Bangla language Islam in Bangladesh Hinduism in Bangladesh Buddhism in Bangladesh Kabaddi Music of Bangladesh

Sports

Sports and games form an integral a portion of Bangladeshi's life. In the villages, of these will look at the class action of children kicking the football, or around a select few dusty alley of these may understand tikes swimming cricket. Although Bangladesh is non a major sporting power in any feel, Bangladeshi jock & sportspersons stand brought the united states numerous laurels. Kabadi (কাবাডি) is the national game of Bangladesh, though recently cricket has gained popularity in the urban areas. In the international arena, cricket & chess have brought many triumph to Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh beat the world champions Australia in a one-day match in England, and Niaz Morshed became the 1st Grandmaster of the subcontinent.

Education
Education within Bangladesh is extremely subsidized per Government, which operates numerous schools & colleges in the primary, secondary & higher secondary level likewise when numerous public universities. A whole united states is divided into septenary education boards (Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Jessore, Barishal, Sylhet & Comilla Education Boards) which oversee education from either a primary to a higher secondary level, & conduct a primary & junior scholarship examinations, the Secondary School Certificate examination, and a Higher Secondary Certificate examination. The food and drug administration as well will bring the big part of the remuneration of the teachers inside non-government schools. To promote literacy among women, education is loose upto a higher secondary level for female students. There exists too the Government-funded program which gives incentives such as stipends & food for continuing education in the secondary level.

There are Twenty-two Public Universities around Bangladesh. Among a two 5 provide engineering education & the rest come general universities.

Miscellaneous topics

Communications in Bangladesh Foreign relations of Bangladesh List of Bangladeshis Military of Bangladesh Bangladesh Air Force Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Navy NGOs in Bangladesh Public holidays in Bangladesh Transportation in Bangladesh Biman Bangladesh Bangladeshi Universities